NAVIGATION

It was in the last quarter of the 18th century that the Cantonese ‘export’ artists began to use the western medium of oils on canvas. Guan Zuolin or Spoilum was the earliest of these artists, whilst his brother Lam Qua also later became a very successful exponent of the technique. Ting Qua was Spoilum’s son and became known for painting Chinese landscapes and river frontages in the Western style, including the British colony of Hong Kong, which had been annexed in 1843 following the first Opium War.
What is now the UNESCO site of the Forbidden City in Beijing was known during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) as the Imperial Palace. It is the largest architectural complex in China begun during the Ming Dynasty in 1407 and completed in 1420. In total it comprises more than nine thousand rooms, but it was within the inner court furnished almost entirely in red, that the Emperor lived with his imperial concubines, princes and empress dowagers.